How do you measure effectiveness of actions addressing risks/opportunities in ISO 9001?

I found the following ISO 9001:2015 question posted on LinkedIn:

9.3.2 e) Effectiveness of actions addressing risks/opportunities.

Anyone care to share how you measure and review the effectiveness of these actions?

So here is my short answer to this question: use Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

Hopefully you have done something like a SWOT analysis in order to meet the requirements for
6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities.

SWOT Analysis Chart

Then, following on from that, you would also have some kind of strategic plan for maximising or leveraging strengths and opportunities, and mitigating, minimising or forestalling weaknesses and threats identified in your SWOT analysis. Out of that, again, you would have goals and objectives measurable with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

SWOT Analysis --> Strateic Plan --> Objectives with KPIs

Voila!